{
  "density_note": "kg = litres x density, rounded to whole kg. Modern F1 (2019+) E10 and 2011 F1: 0.75 kg/L (used only to back-calculate litres from the regulated/quoted kg). All other F1/race petrol (incl. 1988 turbo fuel by convention), road petrol, and LMH/GT3: 0.745 kg/L. IndyCar: 0.78 kg/L (Shell 100% renewable race fuel is ethanol-based, E85-like). KZ2 petrol/oil mix: 0.75 kg/L. Note: real 1988 Honda turbo fuel was ~84% toluene (~0.85 kg/L), which would make 150 L about 125-128 kg.",
  "cars": {
    "f1-2025": {
      "litres": 147,
      "kg": 110,
      "basis": "regulation max race fuel",
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "FIA max race fuel mass 110 kg (2019-2025). Litres at 0.75 kg/L.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/why-was-refuelling-banned-in-f1/10555079/"
      ]
    },
    "f1-2023": {
      "litres": 147,
      "kg": 110,
      "basis": "regulation max race fuel",
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "FIA max race fuel mass 110 kg. Litres at 0.75 kg/L.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/why-was-refuelling-banned-in-f1/10555079/"
      ]
    },
    "f1-2020": {
      "litres": 147,
      "kg": 110,
      "basis": "regulation max race fuel",
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "FIA max race fuel mass 110 kg (raised from 105 kg in 2019). Litres at 0.75 kg/L.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/why-was-refuelling-banned-in-f1/10555079/"
      ]
    },
    "f1-2011": {
      "litres": 213,
      "kg": 160,
      "basis": "typical race-start load",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "note": "No refuelling, no fuel limit; ~160 kg commonly quoted for 2010-13 (some sources 170-175 kg). No RB7-specific figure published. Litres at 0.75 kg/L.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12538/5980709/2010-rule-changes",
        "https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/april-2010/72/return-of-the-slick-pitstop/"
      ]
    },
    "f1-2007": {
      "litres": 115,
      "kg": 86,
      "basis": "tank capacity (contemporary estimate)",
      "confidence": "low",
      "note": "No published capacity for the Ferrari F2007. FIA F1 Technical Regulations art. 6.1 (2000 and 2008 texts) set no tank capacity limit in the refuelling era: only a single FT5 rubber bladder between the engine's front face and the driver's back, within 400 mm of the car's axis, max 2 L outside the survival cell. Uses the F2004's documented 115 L, a car built to the same refuelling-era rules.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.autobild.de/artikel/ferrari-praesentation-in-maranello-44205.html",
        "https://argent.fia.com/web/fia-public.nsf/115F0A1E47E0A282C12573FB0042CB0D/$FILE/1-2008%20F1%20TECHNICAL%20REGULATIONS%2022-02-2008.pdf",
        "https://historicdb.fia.com/sites/default/files/regulations/1728484300/formula_one_techical_regulations_2000.pdf"
      ]
    },
    "f1-2005": {
      "litres": 115,
      "kg": 86,
      "basis": "tank capacity (contemporary estimate)",
      "confidence": "low",
      "note": "No published capacity for the Renault R25. FIA F1 Technical Regulations art. 6.1 (2000 and 2008 texts) set no tank capacity limit in the refuelling era: only a single FT5 rubber bladder between the engine's front face and the driver's back, within 400 mm of the car's axis, max 2 L outside the survival cell. Uses the F2004's documented 115 L, a car built to the same refuelling-era rules.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.autobild.de/artikel/ferrari-praesentation-in-maranello-44205.html",
        "https://argent.fia.com/web/fia-public.nsf/115F0A1E47E0A282C12573FB0042CB0D/$FILE/1-2008%20F1%20TECHNICAL%20REGULATIONS%2022-02-2008.pdf",
        "https://historicdb.fia.com/sites/default/files/regulations/1728484300/formula_one_techical_regulations_2000.pdf"
      ]
    },
    "f1-2004": {
      "litres": 115,
      "kg": 86,
      "basis": "tank capacity",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "note": "Ferrari launch, 26 Jan 2004: tank reduced to about 115 L (Auto Bild). FIA F1 Technical Regulations art. 6.1 (2000 and 2008 texts) set no tank capacity limit in the refuelling era: only a single FT5 rubber bladder between the engine's front face and the driver's back, within 400 mm of the car's axis, max 2 L outside the survival cell.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.autobild.de/artikel/ferrari-praesentation-in-maranello-44205.html",
        "https://argent.fia.com/web/fia-public.nsf/115F0A1E47E0A282C12573FB0042CB0D/$FILE/1-2008%20F1%20TECHNICAL%20REGULATIONS%2022-02-2008.pdf",
        "https://historicdb.fia.com/sites/default/files/regulations/1728484300/formula_one_techical_regulations_2000.pdf"
      ]
    },
    "f1-1992": {
      "litres": 230,
      "kg": 171,
      "basis": "tank capacity",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "note": "F1Technical lists FW14B fuel capacity 230 L (FW14 ~220 L). Full-distance load for V10s of the era was ~200-220 L.",
      "sources": [
        "https://f1technical.net/f1db/cars/729/williams-fw14b",
        "https://www.f1technical.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=86511"
      ]
    },
    "f1-1988": {
      "litres": 150,
      "kg": 112,
      "basis": "regulation max race fuel",
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "1988 turbo cars limited to 150 L (down from 195 L). At real toluene fuel density (~0.85) this would be ~127 kg.",
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McLaren_MP4/4",
        "https://www.mclaren.com/racing/heritage/formula-1/cars/1988-formula-1-mclaren-mp4-4/"
      ]
    },
    "f1-1974": {
      "litres": 230,
      "kg": 171,
      "basis": "tank capacity",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "note": "312 B3-74: 230 L in side tanks (enthusiast club spec); consistent with 312B2 233 L on F1Technical.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.ferrarista.club/ferrari-blog/meetings-and-events/?d=3&rss=1",
        "https://www.f1technical.net/f1db/cars/270/ferrari-312b2"
      ]
    },
    "f1-1967": {
      "litres": 182,
      "kg": 135,
      "basis": "tank capacity",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "note": "Lotus: three bag tanks totalling 40 gallons (imperial assumed for a British car = 181.8 L; 40 US gal would be 151 L).",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.lotuscars.com/lotus-story/race-cars/type-49"
      ]
    },
    "bt46b": {
      "litres": 205,
      "kg": 153,
      "basis": "tank capacity",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "note": "BT46 spec: 45 gal / 205 L Marston tanks (single spec-sheet source); thirsty Alfa flat-12.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.flyinglap.com.br/?p=170664",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brabham_BT46"
      ]
    },
    "indycar": {
      "litres": 70,
      "kg": 55,
      "basis": "tank capacity",
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Official spec: single rupture-proof fuel cell, 18.5 US gal (70.0 L). kg at 0.78 kg/L (ethanol-based renewable fuel).",
      "sources": [
        "https://indycar.com/Fan-Info/INDYCAR-101/Introduction-To-INDYCAR/Anatomy-Of-An-INDYCAR"
      ]
    },
    "hypercar": {
      "litres": 90,
      "kg": 67,
      "basis": "tank capacity",
      "confidence": "low",
      "note": "No official 499P tank figure published; ~89-90 L per sim/spec databases. LMH stints are energy-limited by BoP (max deployed MJ per stint, virtual energy tank), not by tank size.",
      "sources": [
        "https://iracing.fandom.com/wiki/Ferrari_499P_LMDh_/_GTP",
        "https://api.fia.com/sites/default/files/wec_2025_d06_hypercar_technical_information_12022025.pdf"
      ]
    },
    "gt3": {
      "litres": 117,
      "kg": 87,
      "basis": "tank capacity",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "note": "992 GT3 R FT3 safety fuel cell approx. 117 L (secondary source); previous 991.2 GT3 R was 120 L per Porsche.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.stuttcars.com/porsche-911-gt3-r-992-1-2023-2025-specifications-performance/",
        "https://newsroom.porsche.com/en_AU/motorsports/media-guide/race-cars/porsche-911-gt3-r.html"
      ]
    },
    "supercar": {
      "litres": 64,
      "kg": 48,
      "basis": "tank capacity",
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "992 GT3 RS standard tank 64 L (16.9 US gal).",
      "sources": [
        "https://stuttcars.com/?p=463488",
        "https://mobile.md/en/catalog/porsche-213/911-2177/porsche-911-992-5993/gt3-rs-40-525-hp-pdk-31699"
      ]
    },
    "porsche-911-turbo-s": {
      "litres": 67,
      "kg": 50,
      "basis": "tank capacity",
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "992.1 Turbo S: 67 L. (992.2 T-Hybrid from MY2026: 63 L.)",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.carexpert.com.au/porsche/911/2024-turbo-s-3-7l-coupe-4x4-petrol-automatic-joaawgak20230401"
      ]
    },
    "toyota-gr-supra": {
      "litres": 52,
      "kg": 39,
      "basis": "tank capacity",
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "GR Supra 3.0 (A90): 52 L.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.motoringresearch.com/car-news/2019-toyota-gr-supra-everything-need-know",
        "https://www.guideautoweb.com/en/makes/toyota/gr-supra/2025/specifications/base-man"
      ]
    },
    "toyota-ae86": {
      "litres": 50,
      "kg": 37,
      "basis": "tank capacity",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "note": "AE86 range: 50 L (enthusiast spec page, not trim-specific).",
      "sources": [
        "https://aeu86.org/?p=142"
      ]
    },
    "toyota-camry": {
      "litres": 50,
      "kg": 37,
      "basis": "2022 US Camry Hybrid SE tank capacity",
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "13.2 US gal = 49.97 L; 50 L × 0.745 kg/L = 37.25 kg, rounded to 37 kg. Hybrid tank; replaces the non-hybrid 60 L entry.",
      "sources": [
        "https://engage.toyota.com/static/sourcebooks/2022_camry_en_SourceBook.pdf"
      ]
    },
    "kart": {
      "litres": 8.5,
      "kg": 6,
      "basis": "tank capacity",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "note": "FIA Karting Group 1 (KZ) rule: tank 8 L minimum; typical full-size CIK tanks 8.5 L (9-9.5 L options). kg at 0.75 kg/L.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.fiakarting.com/sites/default/files/2023-01/6.0_RT2023.pdf",
        "https://pointkarting.com/products/kg-kart-fuel-tanks-plastic-8-5liter-3-5liter"
      ]
    },
    "tesla-model-s-plaid": {
      "litres": 0,
      "kg": 0,
      "basis": "battery electric (no fuel)",
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Battery-electric car: no fuel load; the battery's mass is part of the car's mass.",
      "sources": []
    },
    "porsche-taycan-turbo-s": {
      "litres": 0,
      "kg": 0,
      "basis": "battery electric (no fuel)",
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Battery-electric car: no fuel load; the battery's mass is part of the car's mass.",
      "sources": []
    },
    "rimac-nevera": {
      "litres": 0,
      "kg": 0,
      "basis": "battery electric (no fuel)",
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Battery-electric car: no fuel load; the battery's mass is part of the car's mass.",
      "sources": []
    },
    "hyundai-ioniq-5-n": {
      "litres": 0,
      "kg": 0,
      "basis": "battery electric (no fuel)",
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Battery-electric car: no fuel load; the battery's mass is part of the car's mass.",
      "sources": []
    },
    "formula-e-gen3": {
      "litres": 0,
      "kg": 0,
      "basis": "battery electric (no fuel)",
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Battery-electric car: no fuel load; the battery's mass is part of the car's mass.",
      "sources": []
    }
  }
}